Methods of cheating and insidious casinos.
Before gambling was legalized in Nevada in 1931, methods to defraud patrons were common. Illegal gambling and other illegal activities had been prevalent in Las Vegas since the turn of the century. Part of the action was special or modified roulette wheels. Many of these built-on or riveted wheels remained in use for several years after 1931. After the new Gaming Commission was created and took over, these wheels found their way to obscure locations or illegal out-of-state operations. As the Casino Control Commission got its teeth, cheating in Nevada casinos dropped to almost nothing. When the gam-
Commissioners can come unannounced, confiscate any gaming equipment they see fit, and take it to their labs for a thorough inspection; casinos don't want to risk losing their gaming license because of rigged games. Why would they, when they have an advantage to begin with?
Today, in Nevada, or Atlantic City, or Mississippi, and everywhere in between, you won’t find any fancy wheels on the casino floors. However, any gambling establishment operating in a place where gambling is illegal is already breaking the law and, without a license, has no incentive to give the slacker a fair chance. Keep in mind that in illegal gambling houses, you are probably being cheated in some way. Even in places where gambling is legal but there is no strong regulatory agency, be careful.
Here are some of the most common ways to cheat at roulette. Most of them are outdated, but it won't hurt to know about them.
Magnets
Perhaps the most sophisticated way to deceive players in the past was to install four evenly spaced, hidden electromagnets around the office bowl. This was used in conjunction with a steel-core ball. By activating the magnetic force, the ball could be pushed off the upper track or ball track and sent down, slightly ahead of gravity, toward the spinning rotor. By pressing a hidden button (thus closing the circuit on the magnets at the right time), a skilled dealer could cause the ball to fall and anticipate a specific section of the slowly spinning rotor. The dealer, having memorized the wheel locations enough, could watch the betting patterns, target the sparsely bet section of the rotor, and judiciously direct the ball away from the numbers that had large bets.
Another method involves using a rotor in which certain pockets are magnetized. Here, a ball with a steel core is used. As it spirals toward the rotor, it is attracted to the magnetized pockets. Since the rotor is a moving component, it is difficult to devise a way to turn the charge on and off, so the pockets must be pre-selected and magnetized. If no one was betting on magnetized numbers, the dealer would use a steel core ball, knowing that it would be attracted to these pockets. If there was enough action on the magnetized numbers, the dealer would simply switch to a regular roulette ball and allow the 5.26% payout to take effect.
Fake wheels
It wasn’t just casinos that changed wheels. There are many stories of brazen individuals sneaking into the casino wheel room after hours and altering the roulette wheels. Armed with pliers or other tools, these individuals would loosen a few frets in the pockets by twisting them back and forth. These loosened dividers would then absorb more of the ball’s energy, causing it to stay in that pocket. Others would glue some kind of material to the bottom of certain pockets to encourage the ball to bounce. Depending on the material, different results could be expected. For example, gluing thin sheets of lead to the bottom of selected pockets would reduce the bounce of the ball and increase the likelihood that the ball would stay in that pocket. While attaching thin sheets of super-elastic material, as in super ball, to the bottom of a pocket could cause the ball to bounce easily and avoid that particular pocket. In either case, the performer is trying to create an offset wheel. We'll talk more about offset wheels in Part 3 and Part 4.
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