May 2011. The Parimatch bookmaker's headquarters are in a three-room apartment on Kyiv's Left Bank. Marketing and Digital Director Sergei Portnov is frustrated. The company is in poor shape, with EBITDA down $2 million. "Las Vegas perfectly captures the essence of the game," Portnov quips. "It shines brighter on the outside than it does on the inside." A professional poker player with a passion for Muay Thai, Portnov is not one to give up. His idea is to turn Parimatch into a major international company.
Ten years later, Parimatch (PM) has moved its business online and its head office to Cyprus. The company now employs 2,176 people. The brand is present in the UK, India, Brazil, Tanzania, Kazakhstan, and 20 other countries.
Parimatch's revenue in 2020 reached $400 million, according to Forbes, and the company's value is approximately $550 million. With this valuation, the business's main owner, Kateryna Belorusskaya, 31, could be among the 100 richest Ukrainians, with a net worth of $430 million. How did she and Portnov manage this?
Beginning. 1994–2011. In May 2011, Parimatch operated 700 bookmaker offices in Russia, Belarus, Georgia, and Moldova. Two years earlier, 200 locations in Ukraine had been forced to close due to a gambling ban. But the market was already changing: customers were getting younger and gradually shifting online. Parimatch wasn't prepared for this turn of events. "We even considered closing," recalls Portnov, 33. "Our presence online was purely nominal."
For company founder Eduard Shvindlerman, 68, and his team, the internet was a closed book. "Dad still doesn't really understand how to send text messages," says his daughter, Katerina Belorusskaya. He doesn't have much of an understanding of business, says Portnov. "But he has a good intuition—he sees right through people," he quickly clarifies.
Shvindlerman and his wife, Tatyana Belorusskaya, founded Parimatch in 1994. The first office was in a basement near the Dynamo Stadium. "I was very little, but I remember my mother taking bets at the cash register and helping my father with everything," recalls Katerina.
There was no serious competition among Ukrainian bookmakers at that time; major players only emerged in the 2000s, notes Igor Romanyuk, publisher of Azart magazine. Betting accounted for barely 4% of the gambling market, dominated by lotteries, slot machines, and casinos.
Where does the name Parimatch come from? "It's basically 'betting on a sports match,'" explains Belorusskaya.
Only his daughter could tell Forbes any details about the founder of Parimatch. "Dad is old-school," she says. "And he always pays his debts." One winter, he lost $300 and drove through bad weather and icy conditions to a bookmaker's office to repay the debt. When he got there, he was "kissed the lock"—the office was closed for renovations. Shvindlerman decided to start a company that wouldn't create such difficulties for clients. At the time, he owned a small store that "sold everything," recalls Belorusskaya. No one agreed to reveal more about the founder of Parimatch's starting capital.
Shvindlerman doesn't like to be seen. He declined to speak with Forbes and didn't answer questions passed on to him by his daughter. People in the gambling industry are afraid to talk about him, much less on the record. "He's very private, even for the social scene," three influential gambling industry sources told Forbes on condition of anonymity. "And dangerous." Only a couple of photos from a press conference Shvindlerman gave six years ago are available online. A Google search for his name returns mostly negative articles on websites used for informational attacks.
The Kyiv Hippodrome was considered the center of bookmaking in the capital. "Everything was built on bets and wagers," recalls Romanyuk. "Playing records were kept in special notebooks; only a few systematically entered the business. They were considered either intellectual elite or crazy." Making money from betting back then, according to Romanyuk, required brains. This wasn't necessary for the then-fashionable one-armed bandits. "Now in gambling, everything is decided by automated algorithms. Back then, everything was calculated manually," adds Portnov.
"Parimatch was founded by a mathematician, and he easily assembled a team of mathematicians," says Belorusskaya. She couldn't recall exactly where her father studied, saying, "something like welding in space." Alexander Borisenko assumed the duties of the technical support department at that time. He wrote the first Betmanager odds-calculating platform in Delphi. "It could be compared to the Zaporozhets," says Portnov. "But its creator deserves a monument." Borisenko ran Parimatch with the Zaporozhets until 2018. He left the company in 2021.
Katerina Belorusskaya inherited the company, but not her father's passion. "I'm not a gambler, I'm an entrepreneur," she says. After graduating from the Institute of Journalism at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Belorusskaya joined the company at 21 simply to test her mettle. Between 2014 and 2016, her parents transferred ownership of Parimatch to her. Katerina is embarrassed when asked about her contributions to the company. "She's very modest," say several former Parimatch employees, speaking on condition of anonymity.
Shvindlerman introduced Portnov to the business in 2011. The founder was friends with his father, Yuri, a professional gambler. In 2005, Shvindlerman paid for Portnov's education in England: he studied gambling at the University of Salford. Why such generosity? "There was no agreement that I would return to Parimatch," Portnov says. "But the story of how I was brought up is certainly true."
After returning to Ukraine, they had a conversation. "I'm not particularly interested in this business anymore. Do whatever you want," Portnov recalls the words of Parimatch's founder. Shvindlerman's daughter confirms that her father didn't force her to work for the company either. Portnov is currently the second-largest shareholder in the company. Belorusskaya holds a controlling stake.
Startup. 2011–2017. The arrival of Portnov and Belorusskaya marked the beginning of Parimatch's rebirth. "We were building a skyscraper on an old foundation," says Portnov. Shvindlerman reinforced the foundation from the start, investing $500,000. From then on, they grew financially, constantly reinvesting, Portnov asserts.
Parimatch 1.0 had this mindset: retail was everything, the internet was only marginal. "When we joined the company, digital was already there, but it was limping along," says Portnov. It was a platform for betting shops and a website with simple functionality: open an account, place a bet, and withdraw funds within three days.
In 2011, Parimatch received an international license to operate online on the Caribbean island of Curaçao. The company no longer had physical locations in Ukraine, and this license allowed it to develop digitally. "When I was scraping together my first $1,000 for advertising, they asked me, 'Why do you need this?'" recalls Portnov.
In 2011, Parimatch's veterans were all over 50. The newcomers, barely in their 20s, had no authority over them. "There was a huge generation gap between the teams," recalls Portnov.
Portnov says the CEO role was handed over to him "in stages" over four years. He assumed the position in 2014 and assumed full authority in 2015. "Then we immediately accelerated; nothing stopped us anymore," he says.
Portnov's main ally, Belorusskaya, also had to overcome mistrust. "It took Katya five or six years to be seen as a full owner," he notes. Shvindlerman's daughter dealt with the brick-and-mortar network. The stores were losing profitability; they were expensive and difficult to maintain. Cash registers were gradually closing. Parimatch now has only 40 physical locations left, all in Tajikistan.
Belorusskaya, according to Portnov, was the bridge between her father and the company. "She was a supervisor, or maybe even a lawyer. But she believed in the business," he adds.
Desperate to reach the veterans, Portnov and Belorusskaya focused on creating a parallel team with a digital focus. "It was the garage startup period," he says. "Nobody understood what we were doing."
In 2012, Portnov lured 25-year-old financier Nikita Izmailov from KPMG. Izmailov also took over the legal side of the business. Izmailov then hired Ivan Lyashenko, the future CMO of Parimatch Tech.
The young Parimatch team spent four years refining the product. Portnov describes the late 2000s and early 2010s as a "marketing race." The average cost of acquiring a single online player was $10-15. By 2021, the price, according to Izmailov, had risen to $45-50. "We were very lucky that we entered online marketing at the right time," says Portnov.
The lack of proper venues hindered the advertising race. Traditional platforms ignored the gambling industry. Parimatch found a solution by listing on sports, pirate, and pornographic websites.
"Pirates, yes," Portnov said in an interview with FEDORIV VLOG. "Others were disgusted back then."
According to the Special 301 Report compiled by the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Ukraine consistently ranks among the top 10 pirate countries. The ninth most popular website in Ukraine, according to the analytics service SimilarWeb, is a pirated online movie theater.
All bookmakers place a lot of advertising on pirated websites, a top manager at a major betting company told Forbes on condition of anonymity. Most of the advertising on pirated online cinemas is from the gambling industry.
Four years later, Parimatch broke out of the advertising underground and into the big leagues. "In 2015, we aired our first commercial on TV," Izmailov recalls. "That's when I realized we'd succeeded." During this period of EBITDA growth, Parimatch reached a record high of $10 million per year, says Portnov. Since then, he says, the company has grown by 50-60% annually.
Some experiments cost the company tens of millions of dollars in losses. "We potentially lost hundreds of millions," says Portnov. "That's just money misinvested."
For example, Parimatch spent $10 million on a team of IT specialists for the BETLAB R&D center, which failed to take off. The idea was to develop universal betting software that could be sold to other betting companies. "We started developing a product that was ahead of Parimatch," says Portnov. The project was shut down in 2016, and the large IT team was transferred to Parimatch. "We tried to create a product for everyone without the expertise to develop such a product for ourselves," Belorusskaya explains of the failure.
Portnov's desire to improve Parimatch's IT is also linked to marketing. "We were so weak in IT that even if we'd been given a lot of traffic, it would have simply flown past," he explains. According to Portnov, the company experienced periods when it couldn't properly accept payments through payment systems.
The successful restructuring of Parimatch created a new problem. The Shvindlerman family wanted to collect dividends, while Portnov planned to reinvest the profits into development. "I wanted to quickly invest all the money and take over the world," he recalls. "I was crazy, and my family wasn't." To break the deadlock, the owners decided to sell the company.
In 2017, Parimatch was nearly sold for either €200 million or €300 million, says Katerina Belorusskaya. "It was the final stage of the deal," says Portnov. "Everyone said their goodbyes: the family went one way, and I went the other." The buyer was the British company GVC Holdings (renamed Entain in December 2020), with a market capitalization of $13.5 billion. "A couple of weeks before the deal, there were 200 cops in all the offices. Two months of harassment," recalls Portnov.
The deal fell through, but he's not particularly surprised by the coincidence. "As long as we've existed, the authorities have been pressuring us," says Portnov. "Once a year, an event; once every three years, a major event."
Every cloud has a silver lining: pressure from law enforcement has once again brought Portnov closer to the Shvindlerman family.
Harvest. Explosive Growth 2018–2021. During the 2019 presidential elections, Parimatch accepted bets on candidates winning the second round. "We saw from the bets who would win and with what result," says Portnov. "Everything matched up." For Parimatch, Volodymyr Zelenskyy's victory was of paramount importance. On July 14, 2020, after more than a decade of prohibition, the Verkhovna Rada passed a law legalizing gambling in Ukraine.
Parimatch was the first to receive a bookmaker license, worth UAH 108 million per year. It's no coincidence that Portnov considers his company "the driving force behind legalization." Parimatch's chief legal officer, Maksym Lyashko, 40, who joined Portnov's team in 2016, played a key role in the process. Lyashko and his lawyers actively participated in the working groups drafting the bill. "We pushed the project with all our might," he says. In 2021, Portnov ceded his position as CEO to Lyashko.
Parimatch claims to be moving toward "responsible gaming." "We don't want to make money off the poor," says Portnov. The business case for this idea is simple. The average Parimatch client's lifespan is 14 months. More basic competitors, such as online casinos, have a lifespan of just two months, Portnov explains.
"We used to think of our clients as the average minibus driver," says Belorusskaya. "But that's not true." Parimatch's client, known internally as "Misha," is a young, materialistic family man with an income of $1,000. He's socially active, enjoys sports, and wants to escape the daily grind. Betting is part of his lifestyle.
Parimatch is working to penetrate deeper into all the places its customers frequent: barbershops, gyms, and event halls. In 2019, the company launched PM Hall—a restaurant, sports broadcast venue, karaoke bar, and museum of sports legends all in one.
What do competitors think of Parimatch? "They have large marketing budgets and a very aggressive approach," says Boris Tsomaya, former creative director of Favbet. "If they enter a channel, they fill it all up, and no one else has a chance." Parimatch has a good corporate culture and values its people, says a former top manager at a major betting company.
Portnov has his own metaphors for his competitors. He compares Favbet to the ATB and Fora chains. "Those supermarkets are popular, but we don't go there," he says.
Parimatch has built a strong association with the international masculine brand through popular ambassadors. In 2019, they brought in boxing legend Mike Tyson and one of the best MMA fighters, Conor McGregor.
This positioning is based on Portnov's preferences, as he himself was heavily involved in martial arts, according to Lyashenko, the company's CMO. "When I first saw the new design, I said, 'This is awful,'" Belorusskaya recalls. "But now I like it."
Parimatch is already a lucrative client. "We spend at least $60 million a year on marketing across all markets," Portnov said in an interview with the YouTube channel "Tochka G" in late 2019. The company confirmed the accuracy of this data to Forbes. To handle such budgets, PM has built a 350-person marketing team.
According to Lyashenko, foreign marketers are hired to work in international markets. In 2020, Parimatch shifted its focus from ambassadors to sponsorships and esports. The company partners with football clubs Chelsea, Juventus, Leicester, and Everton.
Renowned clubs conduct a kind of casting process: recognition and reputation are crucial. Lyashenko has a team of managers who mingle with the elite sports community, building connections and a positive image.